Results for 'Derek J. Skillings'

996 found
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  1.  47
    Methodological Strategies in Microbiome Research and their Explanatory Implications.Maureen A. O’Malley & Derek J. Skillings - 2018 - Perspectives on Science 26 (2):239-265.
    . Early microbiome research found numerous associations between microbial community patterns and host physiological states. These findings hinted at community-level explanations. “Top-down” experiments, working with whole communities, strengthened these explanatory expectations. Now, “bottom-up” mechanism-seeking approaches are dissecting communities to focus on specific microbes carrying out particular biochemical activities. To understand the interplay between methodological and explanatory scales, we examine claims of “dysbiosis,” when host illness is proposed as the consequence of a community state. Our analysis concludes with general observations about (...)
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  2.  17
    Esports: The Chess of the 21st Century.Matthew A. Pluss, Kyle J. M. Bennett, Andrew R. Novak, Derek Panchuk, Aaron J. Coutts & Job Fransen - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    For many decades, researchers have explored the true potential of human achievement. The expertise field has come a long way since the early works of de Groot (1965) and Chase and Simon (1973). Since then, this inquiry has expanded into the areas of music, science, technology, sport, academia and art. Despite the vast amount of research to date, the capability of study methodologies to truly capture the nature of expertise remains questionable. Some considerations include (i) the individual bias in the (...)
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  3.  28
    Little science, big science-- and beyond.Derek J. Solla Price - 1963 - New York: Columbia University Press. Edited by Derek J. Solla Pricdee.
    Examines modern science, looks at scientific literature, and discusses the growth of science, invisible colleges, and the process of discovery.
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  4.  33
    Probability matching in choice under uncertainty: Intuition versus deliberation.Derek J. Koehler & Greta James - 2009 - Cognition 113 (1):123-127.
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  5.  33
    Portable Sundials in Antiquity, including an Account of a New Example from Aphrodisias.Derek J. De Solla Price - 1969 - Centaurus 14 (1):242-266.
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  6.  60
    The Babylonian "Pythagorean Triangle" Tablet.Derek J. De Solla Price - 1964 - Centaurus 10 (1):1-13.
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  7.  18
    Deutsche und niederländische astronomische Instrumente des 11.-18. Jahrhunderts. Ernst Zinner.Derek J. Price - 1958 - Isis 49 (1):87-88.
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  8.  16
    Islamic Astrolabes and Their Works. L. A. Mayer.Derek J. Price - 1957 - Isis 48 (4):491-492.
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  9.  22
    The early observatory instruments of trinity college, Cambridge.Derek J. Price - 1952 - Annals of Science 8 (1):1-12.
  10.  36
    Management of tinnitus in English NHS Audiology Departments: an evaluation of current practice.Derek J. Hoare, Phillip E. Gander, Luke Collins, Sandra Smith & Deborah A. Hall - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (2):326-334.
  11.  37
    The love 'without being' that opens (to) distance part one: Exploring the givenness of the erotic phenomenon with j-l. Marion.Derek J. Morrow - 2005 - Heythrop Journal 46 (3):281–298.
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  12.  45
    Aquinas According to the Horizon of Distance: Jean-Luc Marion’s Phenomenological Reading of Thomistic Analogy.Derek J. Morrow - 2007 - International Philosophical Quarterly 47 (1):59-77.
    Ever since the publication of Dieu sans l’être in 1982, Jean-Luc Marion’s various pronouncements on the status and meaning of esse in Aquinas have excited a good deal of interest and controversy among Thomists. Marion’s evolving understanding of Thomistic metaphysics in general, and of Thomistic analogy in particular, has been commended for its openness to correction even as it has been criticized for what many still regard as its residual deficiencies. All such criticisms, however, neglect to take account of the (...)
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  13.  74
    Aquinas, Marion, Analogy, and Esse: A Phenomenology of the Divine Names?Derek J. Morrow - 2006 - International Philosophical Quarterly 46 (1):25-42.
    The recent translation into English of Jean-Luc Marion’s essay “Saint Thomas Aquinas and Onto-Theo-Logy” provides an opportunity to re-examine the significance of Marion’s earlier criticisms of Aquinas in the light of his most current position on Aquinas. Toward this end, I discuss the role that the doctrine of analogy plays in Marion’s reassessment, and partial retraction, of the controversial indictment of Aquinas that was presented in God without Being. Marion’s claim that the Thomistic conception of God as ipsum esse should (...)
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  14.  12
    From Divinization to Domination: The Cartesian Metaphorization of Capax/Capacitas.Derek J. Morrow - 2010 - Quaestiones Disputatae 1 (1):72-98.
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  15.  25
    The love 'without being' that opens (to) distance part two: From the icon of distance to the distance of the icon in Marion's phenomenology of love.Derek J. Morrow - 2005 - Heythrop Journal 46 (4):493–511.
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  16.  5
    Oaths at pherae, 346 B. C.Derek J. Mosley - 1972 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 116 (1-2):145-148.
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  17.  29
    A collection of armillary spheres and other antique scientific instruments.Derek J. Price - 1954 - Annals of Science 10 (2):172-187.
  18.  49
    Genes, Gestation, and Social Norms.Derek J. Ettinger - 2012 - Law and Philosophy 31 (3):243-268.
    The case law surrounding surrogacy, in vitro fertilization, genetic donation, and legal parenthood is notoriously confused. Yet the issues involved in these cases are of fundamental importance to our most basic rights. To make matters worse, ongoing developments in technology continue to push the conceptual limits of both our legal and moral schemes. In this paper I argue that the concept of ‘parenthood’ is deeply ambiguous and attempt to carefully untangle the notion into two distinct concepts – one biological and (...)
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  19.  83
    The Argument from 'Surprise!'.Derek J. Ettinger - 2007 - The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy 6:133-138.
    Can non-human animals think, or arc they mindless automatons? The question is an ancient one, but as we enter the new millennium its answer is of increasing importance to both ethics and the philosophy of mind. Donald Davidson is perhaps the best known contemporary proponent of the claim that animals cannot think. His argument is characteristically systematic and far-reaching. He claims that the capacity for surprise is a necessary condition for thought, and that such a capacity presupposes complex attitudes involving (...)
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  20.  79
    The Argument from 'Surprise!': Davidson on Rational Animals.Derek J. Ettinger - 2007 - The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy 6:133-138.
    Can non-human animals think, or arc they mindless automatons? The question is an ancient one, but as we enter the new millennium its answer is of increasing importance to both ethics and the philosophy of mind. Donald Davidson is perhaps the best known contemporary proponent of the claim that animals cannot think. His argument is characteristically systematic and far-reaching. He claims that the capacity for surprise is a necessary condition for thought, and that such a capacity presupposes complex attitudes involving (...)
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  21.  20
    The Argument from 'Surprise!': Davidson on Rational Animals.Derek J. Ettinger - 2007 - The Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy 6:133-138.
    Can non-human animals think, or arc they mindless automatons? The question is an ancient one, but as we enter the new millennium its answer is of increasing importance to both ethics and the philosophy of mind. Donald Davidson is perhaps the best known contemporary proponent of the claim that animals cannot think. His argument is characteristically systematic and far-reaching. He claims that the capacity for surprise is a necessary condition for thought, and that such a capacity presupposes complex attitudes involving (...)
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  22.  16
    Commentary on ''cortical activity and the explanatory gap'' by J. G. Taylor.Derek J. Smith - 1998 - Consciousness and Cognition 7 (2):214-215.
  23.  55
    Support theory: A nonextensional representation of subjective probability.Amos Tversky & Derek J. Koehler - 1994 - Psychological Review 101 (4):547-567.
  24.  12
    Linus pauling's aorta and other topics. The molecular biology and pathology of elastic tissues. Ciba foundation symposium 192 (1995). Edited by Derek J. Chadwick and Janice A. Good. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. xi+361. £49.95. ISBN 0 471 957186. [REVIEW]Derek J. Chadwick, Janice A. Good & Francesco Ramirez - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (3):267-268.
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  25.  83
    Review of Owen Gingerich: Astrophysics and twentieth-century astronomy to 1950, The General History of Astronomy, Vol. 4A[REVIEW]Derek J. Raine - 1986 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (4):510-513.
  26.  10
    British society.Dr Derek J. Price - 1953 - History of Science 1 (9).
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  27.  38
    Ethical, Legal, and Clinical Considerations when Disclosing a High‐Risk Syndrome for Psychosis.Vijay A. Mittal, Derek J. Dean, Jyoti Mittal & Elyn R. Saks - 2015 - Bioethics 29 (8):543-556.
    There are complex considerations when planning to disclose an attenuated psychosis syndrome diagnosis. In this review, we evaluate ethical, legal, and clinical perspectives as well as caveats related to full, non- and partial disclosure strategies, discuss societal implications, and provide clinical suggestions. Each of the disclosure strategies is associated with benefits as well as costs/considerations. Full disclosure promotes autonomy, allows for the clearest psychoeducation about additional risk factors, helps to clarify and/or correct previous diagnoses/treatments, facilitates early intervention and bolsters communication (...)
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  28.  27
    Rethinking God as Gift. [REVIEW]Derek J. Morrow - 2001 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 75 (4):633-639.
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  29.  14
    Rethinking God as Gift. [REVIEW]Derek J. Morrow - 2001 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 75 (4):633-639.
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  30.  55
    Frequency formats are a small part of the base rate story.Dale Griffin, Derek J. Koehler & Lyle Brenner - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (3):268-269.
    Manipulations that draw attention to extensional or set-based considerations are neither sufficient nor necessary for enhanced use of base rates in intuitive judgments. Frequency formats are only one part of the puzzle of base-rate use and neglect. The conditions under which these and other manipulations promote base-rate use may be more parsimoniously organized under the broader notion of case-based judgment.
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  31.  15
    A.C.S. Peacock, Mediaeval Islamic Historiography and Political Legitimacy: Balʿamī’s Tārīkhnāma.Derek J. Mancini-Lander - 2016 - Der Islam: Journal of the History and Culture of the Middle East 93 (2):609-614.
    Name der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 93 Heft: 2 Seiten: 609-614.
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  32.  93
    Analytic cognitive style predicts religious and paranormal belief.Gordon Pennycook, James Allan Cheyne, Paul Seli, Derek J. Koehler & Jonathan A. Fugelsang - 2012 - Cognition 123 (3):335-346.
    An analytic cognitive style denotes a propensity to set aside highly salient intuitions when engaging in problem solving. We assess the hypothesis that an analytic cognitive style is associated with a history of questioning, altering, and rejecting supernatural claims, both religious and paranormal. In two studies, we examined associations of God beliefs, religious engagement, conventional religious beliefs and paranormal beliefs with performance measures of cognitive ability and analytic cognitive style. An analytic cognitive style negatively predicted both religious and paranormal beliefs (...)
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  33.  56
    The role of analytic thinking in moral judgements and values.Gordon Pennycook, James Allan Cheyne, Nathaniel Barr, Derek J. Koehler & Jonathan A. Fugelsang - 2014 - Thinking and Reasoning 20 (2):188-214.
    While individual differences in the willingness and ability to engage analytic processing have long informed research in reasoning and decision making, the implications of such differences have not yet had a strong influence in other domains of psychological research. We claim that analytic thinking is not limited to problems that have a normative basis and, as an extension of this, predict that individual differences in analytic thinking will be influential in determining beliefs and values. Along with assessments of cognitive ability (...)
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  34.  18
    Heavenly Clockwork, the Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China.Lien-Sheng Yang, Joseph Needham, Wang Ling & Derek J. de Solla Price - 1960 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 80 (4):371.
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  35. Developing human-nonhuman chimeras in human stem cell research: Ethical issues and boundaries.Phillip Karpowicz, Cynthia B. Cohen & Derek J. Van der Kooy - 2005 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 15 (2):107-134.
    : The transplantation of adult human neural stem cells into prenatal non-humans offers an avenue for studying human neural cell development without direct use of human embryos. However, such experiments raise significant ethical concerns about mixing human and nonhuman materials in ways that could result in the development of human-nonhuman chimeras. This paper examines four arguments against such research, the moral taboo, species integrity, "unnaturalness," and human dignity arguments, and finds the last plausible. It argues that the transfer of human (...)
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  36.  18
    Obligation for transparency regarding treating physician credentials at academic health centres.Paul J. Martin, N. James Skill & Leonidas G. Koniaris - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (11):782-786.
    Academic health centres have historically treated patients with the most complex of diseases, served as training grounds to teach the next generations of physicians and fostered an innovative environment for research and discovery. The physicians who hold faculty positions at these institutions have long understood how these key academic goals are critical to serve their patient community effectively. Recent healthcare reforms, however, have led many academic health centres to recruit physicians without these same academic expectations and to partner with non-faculty (...)
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  37.  49
    Are we good at detecting conflict during reasoning?Gordon Pennycook, Jonathan A. Fugelsang & Derek J. Koehler - 2012 - Cognition 124 (1):101-106.
    Recent evidence suggests that people are highly efficient at detecting conflicting outputs produced by competing intuitive and analytic reasoning processes. Specifically, De Neys and Glumicic demonstrated that participants reason longer about problems that are characterized by conflict between stereotypical personality descriptions and base-rate probabilities of group membership. However, this finding comes from problems involving probabilities much more extreme than those used in traditional studies of base-rate neglect. To test the degree to which these findings depend on such extreme probabilities, we (...)
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  38. On the lack of evidence that non-human animals possess anything remotely resembling a 'theory of mind'.Derek C. Penn & Daniel J. Povinelli - 2007 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 362 (1480):731-744.
  39.  66
    Atheists and Agnostics Are More Reflective than Religious Believers: Four Empirical Studies and a Meta-Analysis.Gordon Pennycook, Robert M. Ross, Derek J. Koehler & Jonathan A. Fugelsang - 2016 - PLoS ONE 11 (4):e0153039.
    Individual differences in the mere willingness to think analytically has been shown to predict religious disbelief. Recently, however, it has been argued that analytic thinkers are not actually less religious; rather, the putative association may be a result of religiosity typically being measured after analytic thinking (an order effect). In light of this possibility, we report four studies in which a negative correlation between religious belief and performance on analytic thinking measures is found when religious belief is measured in a (...)
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  40.  40
    Manufacturing Motivation in the Mundane: Servant Leadership’s Influence on Employees’ Intrinsic Motivation and Performance.Chad A. Hartnell, Amanda Christensen-Salem, Fred O. Walumbwa, Derek J. Stotler, Flora F. T. Chiang & Thomas A. Birtch - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics 188 (3):533-552.
    The manufacturing industry faces a trend in which employees’ work processes are being redesigned into simple, repetitive tasks that maximize performance and efficiency. This neo-Tayloristic business model reduces social interactions and stifles relationship building, leading to disgruntled employees and raising questions about leaders’ moral obligation as to the mechanisms they use to enhance employees’ performance at work. As an alternative to redesigning work processes, we contend that servant leaders can enhance employees’ overall performance by cultivating positive interpersonal dynamics at work (...)
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  41.  20
    Controlling the narrative: Euphemistic language affects judgments of actions while avoiding perceptions of dishonesty.Alexander C. Walker, Martin Harry Turpin, Ethan A. Meyers, Jennifer A. Stolz, Jonathan A. Fugelsang & Derek J. Koehler - 2021 - Cognition 211 (C):104633.
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  42.  49
    Primary care for tinnitus: practice and opinion among GPs in England.Suliman K. El-Shunnar, Derek J. Hoare, Sandra Smith, Phillip E. Gander, Sujin Kang, Kathryn Fackrell & Deborah A. Hall - 2011 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 17 (4):684-692.
  43.  10
    PDZ Domains: Targeting signalling molecules to sub‐membranous sites.Christopher P. Ponting, Christopher Phillips, Kay E. Davies & Derek J. Blake - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (6):469-479.
    PDZ (also called DHR or GLGF) domains are found in diverse membraneassociated proteins including members of the MAGUK family of guanylate kinase homologues, several protein phosphatases and kinases, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and several dystrophin‐associated proteins, collectively known as syntrophins. Many PDZ domain‐containing proteins appear to be localised to highly specialised submembranous sites, suggesting their participation in cellular junction formation, receptor or channel clustering, and intracellular signalling events. PDZ domains of several MAGUKs interact with the C‐terminal polypeptides of a subset (...)
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  44. Holobionts and the ecology of organisms: Multi-species communities or integrated individuals?Derek Skillings - 2016 - Biology and Philosophy 31 (6):875-892.
    It is now widely accepted that microorganisms play many important roles in the lives of plants and animals. Every macroorganism has been shaped in some way by microorganisms. The recognition of the ubiquity and importance of microorganisms has led some to argue for a revolution in how we understand biological individuality and the primary units of natural selection. The term “holobiont” was introduced as a name for the biological unit made up by a host and all of its associated microorganisms, (...)
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  45.  62
    Mechanistic Explanation of Biological Processes.Derek John Skillings - 2015 - Philosophy of Science 82 (5):1139-1151.
    Biological processes are often explained by identifying the underlying mechanisms that generate a phenomenon of interest. I characterize a basic account of mechanistic explanation and then present three challenges to this account, illustrated with examples from molecular biology. The basic mechanistic account is insufficient for explaining nonsequential and nonlinear dynamic processes, is insufficient for explaining the inherently stochastic nature of many biological mechanisms, and fails to give a proper framework for analyzing organization. I suggest that biological processes are best approached (...)
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  46. Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds.Derek C. Penn, Keith J. Holyoak & Daniel J. Povinelli - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (2):109-130.
    Over the last quarter century, the dominant tendency in comparative cognitive psychology has been to emphasize the similarities between human and nonhuman minds and to downplay the differences as (Darwin 1871). In the present target article, we argue that Darwin was mistaken: the profound biological continuity between human and nonhuman animals masks an equally profound discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. To wit, there is a significant discontinuity in the degree to which human and nonhuman animals are able to approximate (...)
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  47.  20
    Trojan Horses and Black Queens: ‘causal core’ explanations in microbiome research.Derek Skillings - 2019 - Biology and Philosophy 34 (6):60.
    Lynch et al., in an article in this issue, argue that an entire microbiome is rarely, if ever, the right target of analysis for causal explanations in microbiome research. They argue, using interventionist criteria of proportionality, specificity and stability, for restricting causal claims to the smallest subset of microbes—a causal core—that generate the effect of interest. A further question remains: what kind of interactions generate a consortium of microbes that can operate as causal agents in this manner? Here I introduce (...)
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  48.  11
    Trojan Horses and Black Queens: ‘causal core’ explanations in microbiome research.Derek Skillings - 2019 - Biology and Philosophy 34 (6):1-6.
    Lynch et al., in an article in this issue, argue that an entire microbiome is rarely, if ever, the right target of analysis for causal explanations in microbiome research. They argue, using interventionist criteria of proportionality, specificity and stability, for restricting causal claims to the smallest subset of microbes—a causal core—that generate the effect of interest. A further question remains: what kind of interactions generate a consortium of microbes that can operate as causal agents in this manner? Here I introduce (...)
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  49. There Are No Intermediate Stages: An Organizational View on Development.Leonardo Bich & Derek Skillings - 2023 - In Matteo Mossio (ed.), Organization in Biology. Springer. pp. 241-262.
    Theoretical accounts of development exhibit several internal tensions and face multiple challenges. They span from the problem of the identification of the temporal boundaries of development (beginning and end) to the characterization of the distinctive type of change involved compared to other biological processes. They include questions such as the role to ascribe to the environment or what types of biological systems can undergo development and whether they should include colonies or even ecosystems. In this chapter we discuss these conceptual (...)
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  50.  28
    Intra-Individual Variability in Vagal Control Is Associated With Response Inhibition Under Stress.Derek P. Spangler, Katherine R. Gamble, Jared J. McGinley, Julian F. Thayer & Justin R. Brooks - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12:419749.
    Dynamic intra-individual variability (IIV) in cardiac vagal control across multiple situations is believed to contribute to adaptive cognition under stress; however, a dearth of research has empirically tested this notion. To this end, we examined 25 U.S. Army Soldiers (all male, Mean Age= 30.73, SD = 7.71) whose high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was measured during a resting baseline and during three conditions of a shooting task (training, low stress, high stress). Response inhibition was measured as the correct rejection of (...)
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